See Understanding Techniques for WCAG Success Criteria for important information about the usage of these informative techniques and how they relate to the normative WCAG 2.0 success criteria. The Applicability section explains the scope of the technique, and the presence of techniques for a specific technology does not imply that the technology can be used in all situations to create content that meets WCAG 2.0.
HTML 4.01, XHTML 1.x
This technique relates to:
The objective of this technique is to provide a brief overview of how data has been organized into a table or a brief explanation of how to navigate the table. The summary attribute of the table element makes this information available to people who use screen readers; the information is not displayed visually.
The summary is useful when the table has a complex structure (for example,
when there are several sets of row or column headers, or when there are multiple groups
of columns or rows). The summary may also be helpful for simple data tables
that contain many columns or rows of data.
The summary attribute may be used whether or not the table includes a
caption element. If both are used, the summary should not
duplicate the caption.
Note: In HTML5 the summary attribute is obsolete. Assistive technologies may or may not continue to support the attribute. Authors should consider alternatives and only use with caution.
Note: Although WCAG 2 does not prohibit the use of layout tables, CSS-based layouts are
recommended in order to retain the defined semantic meaning of the HTML table
elements and to conform to the coding practice of separating presentation from content.
However, if a layout table is used, then the summary attribute is not used or
is null. The purpose of a layout table is simply to control the placement of content;
the table itself is “transparent" to the user. A summary would “break" this
transparency by calling attention to the table. A null summary
(summary="") on layout tables is acceptable. See F46: Failure of Success Criterion 1.3.1 due to using th elements,
caption elements, or non-empty summary attributes in
layout tables for details.
This example shows a bus schedule. The route number and direction are included in
the summary along with information on how to use the schedule.
Example Code:
<table summary="Schedule for Route 7 going downtown. Service begins
at 4:00 AM and ends at midnight. Intersections are listed in the top row.
Find the intersection closest to your starting point or destination, then read
down that column to find out what time the bus leaves that intersection.">
<tr>
<th scope="col">State & First</th>
<th scope="col">State & Sixth</th>
<th scope="col">State & Fifteenth</th>
<th scope="col">Fifteenth & Morrison</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>4:00</td>
<td>4:05</td>
<td>4:11</td>
<td>4:19</td>
</tr>
…
</table> In this example both a summary attribute and a caption
element are used. The caption identifies the bus route. The
summary helps users who are blind understand how to use the schedule.
Screen readers read the caption, followed by the
summary.
Example Code:
<table summary="Intersections are listed in row 1.
Find the intersection closest to your starting point
or destination, then read down that column to find
out what time the bus leaves that intersection.
Service begins at 4:00 AM and ends at midnight.">
<caption>Route 7 Downtown (Weekdays)</caption>
…
</table>Resources are for information purposes only, no endorsement implied.
HTML 4.01 summary attribute
For each data table:
If a summary is present, check that the summary
attribute describes the table's organization or explains how
to use the table
If both a summary attribute and a caption element are present
for the data table, check that the summary does not
duplicate the caption.
#1 and #2 are true.
If this is a sufficient technique for a success criterion, failing this test procedure does not necessarily mean that the success criterion has not been satisfied in some other way, only that this technique has not been successfully implemented and can not be used to claim conformance.